Which term describes caries that occur on occlusal surfaces?

• A. Root caries
• B. Proximal caries
• C. Occlusal caries
• D. Smooth surface caries

Answer: (C)

Caries on the chewing surfaces of the back teeth are called occlusal caries. The occlusal surface—the part of the tooth you use for chewing—has pits and fissures where plaque, bacteria, and food debris easily accumulate, making decay there a common pattern. Naming caries by the surface involved helps clinicians choose appropriate prevention and treatment, such as sealants or focused cleaning of the pits and fissures.

Root caries, on the other hand, occur on exposed root surfaces near the gum line; proximal caries develop on the surfaces between adjacent teeth; smooth surface caries occur on the flat facial or lingual surfaces away from pits and fissures. Since the question specifies decay on the occlusal surfaces, the term occlusal caries is the best fit.