Which lesions can remineralize?

• A. Non cavitated incipient lesions
• B. Proximal lesions in enamel
• C. White spot lesions
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Remineralization happens when a lesion remains non-cavitated with an intact surface, allowing minerals to be redeposited into the demineralized enamel. Fluoride plays a key role by promoting the formation of fluorapatite, and saliva provides calcium and phosphate to fuel the rebuilding process. Non-cavitated incipient lesions are in this reversible range, so they can remineralize. White spot lesions are the classic early enamel changes showing subsurface demineralization that can be reversed with proper remineralization, especially with fluoride exposure. Proximal lesions in enamel that have not yet cavitated are also capable of remineralizing because the mineral can diffuse back into the subsurface area from saliva or topical treatments. Since all of these scenarios involve early or intact-surface enamel, they can all remineralize, making the option that includes all of the above the best choice. Cavitated lesions or those extending into dentin are much less reversible, which is why the emphasis is on non-cavitated, enamel-level changes.