After selective caries removal, which liners or bases are commonly used to protect the pulp?

• A. Calcium hydroxide only.
• B. Glass ionomer liner only.
• C. Calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer liner, and/or bioactive calcium silicate liners such as MTA or Biodentine.
• D. None.

Answer: (C)

When protecting the pulp after removing caries, you want a liner or base that provides a seal, buffers irritants, and supports dentin repair. Calcium hydroxide is a classic choice for pulp capping because it has a high pH and stimulates dentin bridge formation, helping the pulp heal, though it isn’t the strongest barrier on its own. Glass ionomer liners bond to dentin, release fluoride, and help seal the cavity, making them a strong protective layer under restorations. Modern bioactive calcium silicate liners, such as MTA or Biodentine, combine sealing ability with bioactivity, promote dentin formation, and work well as liners or bases even in moist environments. In selective caries removal, any of these can be used depending on depth and pulpal status, and they’re often chosen for their combined protective and reparative benefits.